Honors+American+History

DON'T FORGET TO STUDY FOR FINAL EXAMS!!! DO YOUR BEST!
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 * The Founding of the New Republic and the Constitution of the United States, Chapter 7 of** //**The American Nation

Section 1: The Articles of Confederation

Section 2: The Constitutional Convention

Section 2A: The Preamble, the Articles, and the Bill of Rights The preamble is actually one long sentence. Section 3: Ideas that Formed the Constitution

Section 4: The Process of of Ratification**//


 * //Chapter 9:

1st Period: Chapter 9  Section 1 __ Vocab __ Inauguration- When the President elect actually, legally, takes up his/her position Precedent- A decision that sets the trend for others Cabinet- A group of people who advised, and helped the president make decisions about the country Judiciary Act- An act that set up a federal court system, and that made up courts for smaller areas. Big problems in the small courts could be brought to the Supreme Court National debt- The total amount of cash that a whole country is in debt for Bond- A certificate that says it will pay a certain amount of cash, and interest, by a certain amount of time Speculator- A person that uses a risky loan to get a lot of money Bank of the United States- The national bank of America Tariff- A tax Whiskey Rebellion- A rebellion that sprung up when a tax on whiskey arose- it tested the government __ Headings  __  Setting the Scene There was much debate over government   Washington’s First Steps Washington started by appointing his advisors, and passing laws that would help the government, and the economy  Reducing the Nation’s Debt The government made several decisions about the economy, including repaying national and state-wise debts- Alexander Hamilton came up with the plan  Plans to build the Economy A national bank was built to encourage people to take loans- making economic growth in the nation <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> The Whiskey Rebellion Farmers hated the tax on whiskey, so tons of farmers rebelled. Washington sent the U.S. army to put the rebellion down and show his power. __ Reading Focus <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255);">  __ <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> What steps did Washington take to make the new government work? He gathered advisors, set up a federal bank, made a better judicial branch <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> What was Hamilton’s plan to reduce the nation’s debt, and build the economy? He was going to give out government bonds to pay off the debt short term, and then they would make more bonds to pay off the old ones, and by then, the government would be strong enough to pay back the new bonds <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> What were the causes and results of the Whiskey Rebellion? There was a new tax on whiskey, so angered farmers started rioting. The militia was called in, so the rebellion was swiftly crushed. It showed how America would react in times in need, and since Washington showed mercy to the rebellion’s leaders, it showed how the government would act. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Section 2 __ Vocab  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">French Revolution- A 1789 rebellion in France that ended the French monarchy for a time <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Foreign Policy- Actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Neutral- Not taking sides in a particular conflict <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Neutrality Proclamation- A 1793 statement by President Washington that the U.S. would not support or aid France in their European conflict <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);"> <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Jay’s Treaty- A 1795 agreement between Britain and the U.S. that called for Britain to pay damages for the seized American ships and to give up forts it still held in the West <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Farewell Address- Final official speech of Presidents as they exit office __ Headings  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Setting the Scene The French started their revolution and it became a very bloody and violent war. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Responses to the French Revolution At the beginning of the French Revolution the Americans supported the French, but after it became so violent the American support began to split. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> The United States Remains Neutral Washington was worried about staying neutral because of the French treaty. He also worried about British attacks. In the end he made the Neutrality Proclamation stating America wouldn’t help either side. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Struggling to Remain Neutral America struggled to remain neutral. The farmers wanted to trade with both sides. Britain seized ships and destroyed them. John Jay went to Britain and negotiated Jay’s Treaty. Washington retired. __ Reading Focus  __ <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> How was American opinion divided over the French Revolution? America wanted to help France then they began to chop people’s heads off right and left. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> Why did Washington want the nation to remain neutral in foreign affairs? Washington did not want to go to war with Europe. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> Why was it so difficult for the U.S. to remain neutral? France wanted America to honor their treaty and Britain started seizing ships. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Section 3 __ Vocab  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Faction- Opposing group within a party <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);"> <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Unconstitutional- Not permitted by the Constitution <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);"> <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Democratic Republican- Supporter of Thomas Jefferson <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Federalist- Supporter of the Constitution who favored a strong Federal Government __ Headings  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Setting the Scene Political parties emerge even though Washington warns against them. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> A Distrust of Political Parties There were many factions. Despite Washington’s warning against them they came up around Hamilton and Jefferson, who both majorly differed in looks, background, and “style.” <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Differing Views <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Development of Political Parties The men normally clashed in private, but then Hamilton’s programs started to get passed and the DR’s went public. Then newspapers started taking sides. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Election of 1796 Then the Electoral Collage decided the presidents, the person with the highest votes became president and the second highest vote scorer became vice president. __ Reading Focus  __ <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> Why did so many Americans distrust the idea of political parties? They had seen what happened in Britain with factions. Washington had also argued that they were a threat to national unity and they agreed. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> Why did political parties develop? Political parties developed because Hamilton and Jefferson had different views. People began to support one or the other and so political parties developed. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions? A representative from each party was elected. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Section 4 __ Vocab  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">XYZ Affair- A 1797 French attempt to bribe the United States by demanding money before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Frigate- Fast-sailing ship with many guns <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Alien and Sedition Acts- In 1798 Federalist supported laws that permitted the President to get rid of foreigners, this made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Sedition- Stirring up rebellion against a government <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Nullify- Idea that a state has the right to cancel a federal law that the state leaders consider to be unconstitutional <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">Kentucky <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);"> and Virginia Resolutions- Declarations passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is constitutional <span style="color: rgb(51,51,153);">States’ Rights- The right of states to limit the power of the federal government __ Headings  __ <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Setting the Scene Adams tried to act as a fair and honest president despite his temper. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Conflict with France The XYZ affair started a war fever in America. Like Washington Adams wanted to keep America out of war. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> The Federalist Party Splits Unlike a lot of the Federalist party Adams did not want to go to war, he sent diplomats to France. It kept America out of war but it greatly weakened the Federalist Party. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Alien and Sedition Acts Republicans protested both acts. They said they violated Constitutional rights. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> The Rights of States Jefferson hated the acts so he asked the states to nullify the acts. This caused the Kentucky and Virginia resolution and eventually the acts were repealed. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> Election of 1800 In this election Jefferson and Burr tied, so the House voted and Jefferson became president and Burr became VP. After this election each senator voted separately for the Presidents and VP’s. __ Reading Focus  __ <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> Why did the Federalist party split? They split because Adams didn’t want to go to war and kept them out of war. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> How did the Alien and Sedition Acts raise the issue of the rights of states? The states felt they should be able to nullify an act or law if it is unconstitutional. <span style="color: rgb(0,153,255);"> What role did Congress play in the election of 1800? They decided the President and VP and they added the 12th amendment. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,102,0);"> Overview Section 1 George Washington was inaugurated on April 30, 1789 in New York City. Because Washington was the first president he was setting an example for others. He had to show what the government would be like from day to day. In 1789, congress set up the five executive branches. These included the department if states, treasury, and war, Attorney General, Postmaster General. This was called the President’s Cabinet. In 1789, congress passed the Judiciary Act, which called for the Supreme Court to have one Justice Chief and five associate justices. To reduce the nation’s debt Alexander Hamilton said that the government should repay for the federal and state debts .he wanted the government to buy up all the bonds issued by both the national and state governments before 1789. He then planned to issue new bonds to pay off the old debts. This rewarded speculators. In order to raise money for the treasury, Congress approved a tax on all liquor products that were made and sold in the United States of America. This sparked a rebellion. Thousands of farmers marched through Pittsburgh protesting. They were singing Revolutionary Songs and tar and feathering tax collectors. This was known as the Whisky Rebellion. The President acted strongly and this showed that there would not be violence in the new Nation. Section 2 The French revolution started a few years after the Americans earned their independence. The French were also for independence and equality. When the French Revolution grew more violent, in made the political divisions of the United States deepen. The king of France was unfair to the French. He gave heavy taxes to the middle class and the peasants and didn’t tax the nobles at all. The French wanted a constitution limiting the king’s power just as the American’s did. In the beginning, the Americans were supporting the French revolution because they knew what it was like to fight for your liberty. But, in 1793 the French revolution turned more violent and the reformers gained power. They even beheaded the king and then later, they beheaded the queen. During this time that they were in, tens of thousands of regular French citizens were beheaded. This violence had divided the Americans. Some people like Thomas Jefferson still supported the French. He thought that it was wrong for them to kill the king and queen but he thought that they had a right for their violence. And others like Alexander Hamilton and John Adams strongly disagreed. They believed that one could no more create democracy through all of the violence. Europe had to go through a bunch of wars for 20 years. Because we were faced with war in Europe, president Washington had to decide on a foreign policy. Washington issued the Neutrality Proclamation in the April of 1793. It said that the Americans could not take part in any side of the war. It also forbade the Americans from aiding Britain or France. In 1793 the British captured more than 250 ships of the Americans. Washington sent John Jay to Britain to talk to them. He made a treaty that said that the British had to pay for all of the damage for the seized American ships. Britain also agreed to give up their forts that were held in the west. But the Americans still had to pay the British back for their debt that was owned to the merchants. Washington retired. But before he did, he published the farewell address which he advised the Americans against creating alliances or getting involved in the affairs of other nations. Section 3 After the new nation was formed political parties began to emerge. At the beginning there were only two parties. The federalists and the republicans were the two parties. The republicans and federalists had many differences. One of the main differences was who made up there parties. The republican party was mostly farmer, artisans, and some wealthy farmers. The federalists were much different because they consisted of mostly merchants and manufacturers. They also disagreed on things like manufacturing or farming, federal power or state power, strict interpretation of the constitution or loose interpretation, and they argued whether to side with Britain or France. Everyone took sides on these matters even newspapers like the National Gazette and the Gazette of the United States. When it came time to elect the new president the parties played the largest roles. They each sided with a candidate. The Federalists chose John Adams and Thomas Pickney. However the republicans picked Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. In the end the federalists and John Adams won the election. Section 4 Once John Adams took office there were problems he had to solve. The first of these was the crisis with France in the West Indies. Many Americans called for war, but John Adams sent diplomats to France instead of declaring war. So three French agents came asking for money before the king would sign a treaty. The Americans said no and told Adams. He then told congress that x, y, z came to him instead of revealing there names. The XYZ Affair would end up causing many Americans to want to declare war on France, but Adams still refused. When Adams did this he angered the federalist party thinking the war would weaken the republicans and increase the strength of the government. Then Adams sent more diplomats and Napoleon agreed to stop attacking American vessels. During this time the Alien and Sedition Act was passed. It gave the president the power to deport any immigrants he deemed dangerous. The law also said aliens had to wait 14 years before they voted. The sedition act was act that stated anyone who criticized the governor or a political figure would be jailed or fined. These laws caused Kentucky and Virginia to bring up the topic of the States rights. They thought states should be able to cancel federal laws. Then when the election came a tie occurred and the election was decided by the House of representatives. In which case Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Burr won. __ Questions  __ 1) President George Washington decided not to become king because the nation just decided to remove them selves from a monarchy and he did not wan to restart one. Washington decided to not lead for a third term because he thought that people might want other ideas other than his. He established a Cabinet of advisors and served only two terms, saying that was enough for one perspon to serve.   2) Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury wanted to pay back all of the nation’s debts. He wanted to buy all of the bonds and pay off all the debts. 3) The Whiskey Rebellion is significant because Washington was able to stop the Rebellion by using the Constitution unlike before. It was different from the Boston Tea Party because the U.S. was fighting itself, not an unlawful tax.. Washington's actions showed that the nation was strong and would not tolerate rebellion.   4) Washington warned the Americans that the political parties would soon lead to, “jealous and false arms.” He said to grow the nation and not become involved in the affairs of other nations. __ Foreign Policy  __ 5) Washington was worried the U.S. couldn’t honor its treaty with Paris and remain neutral in the European conflict.   The ideas of leaders had fundamental differences in the way they thought, so their points of view clashed often. Even though their leaders had the same common goal, helping the country, they had different ways of getting at it.  6) In the French Revolution, there was an overdose of unnecessary violence. There was too much rampant killing for the American’s taste. It is not that surprising, because even though the American’s had made a treaty with France, they were in no condition to go to war. 7) The United States of Americas neutrality was challenged because people were on different sides in the French revolution. The French wanted to use American ports to supply its ships and then launch attacks on the British. But George Washington thought that it would be hard to keep its treaty with France and still be neutral. So Washington wrote the Neutrality Proclamation saying that the United States of America would not support either side of the war. It also forbade America from giving the British and the French aid.   8) John Adams disagreed with France. He thought that it was wrong for them to have violence. He thought that one could not create a democracy with all of this violence. He said, “Than a snowball can exist in the streets of Philadelphia under a burning sun.” 9) President Adams wanted to keep out of war and Hamilton wanted to go to war. The Republican party split as a result.   10) The nation got a new way to vote in the President. The Electoral College voted separately for the President and VP. The House of Representatives decided the outcome when there was a tie.



2nd Period:

__ <span style="display: block; color: rgb(240,102,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Overview of Chapter 9 By Jaimisha Patel __ Section 1: Washington Takes Office George Washington was inaugurated as President in New York City on April 30, 1789. Because Washington was the first President, he set an example for future Presidents. These examples were known as precedents for future presidents. The first Cabinet had 5 executive departments, which were the State, Treasury, War, offices of Attorney General, and Postmaster General. The President’s Cabinet was made up of the heads of these departments. The heads of these departments were responsible for running them and gave advice to the President. The Congress also set up a Federal Court System by passing the Judiciary Act. This Act, set up the Supreme Court which consisted of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices (today there are eight). Through the Judiciary Act, a system of district courts and circuit courts were set up throughout the country. The Treasury Secretary was responsible for the national debt, which is the amount of money the government owes to other people. The government and states had borrowed too much money from other nations and people, so they were in debt. The government then borrowed money by granting bonds. To improve the national economy, the Congress set up a National Bank called the Bank of the United States. The bank was used by the government to deposit collected taxes which in turn the Bank loaned money to farmers and businesses. To raise money quickly, the Congress imposed a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States to help the Treasury. This tax caused a huge rebellion known as the whisky rebellion. The rebellion was started by corn farmers who used corn to make whisky. This rebellion was a test and it proved that government would act firmly. Section 2: Creating a Foreign Policy During the French Revolution Jefferson gave American support to the French, but Adams and Hamilton opposed him. As a result Washington had to decide on a foreign policy which is the actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations. Even though France and USA were allies, Washington passed the Neutrality Proclamation which meant the US would not support either side in the War. When the British captured American ships, John Jay went to talk to the British. The British decided to give up forts in the West. In return the Americans had to pay off the debt. This was known as Jay’s Treaty, but it did create protests because it did not protect the rights of neutral American ships. Section 3: Political Parties Emerge The government never had political parties, but as different opinions came about, political parties were born. Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed on what was best for the country. The different views of Hamilton and Jefferson attracted people to join them. These opposite views created Republicans and Federalists. The Democratic Republicans supported Jefferson and the Federalists supported Hamilton. This division created many newspapers which expressed the two views. The election of 1796 caused major confusion. John Adams (a federalist) was elected as President while Jefferson (a Republican) came in Second and became the Vice- President. Section 4: The Second President Adams first crisis was the Foreign Policy with France. The objection to Jay’s Treaty by France resulted in American ships to be attacked and taken over by the French. To avoid a war Adams looked for a neutral solution. The French sent three agents to negotiate a deal. The agents asked for $250,000 for the minister of France, and $10,000,000 for France. Adams and Congress refused this offer in what became to be known as the XY Z affair. The Federalists wanted to go to war so that it would weaken the Republicans. It would also force them to make a military. Adams was a Federalists but he didn’t want to go to war, so he sent diplomats to France to sign an agreement. Any dangerous foreigner could be expelled by the President under the Alien Act. Other laws made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, requiring them to live in United States for fourteen years (previously five years). The law was passed by Federalists because many immigrants supported Republicans. The Congress also passed the Sedition Act (opposed by Republicans). This Act stated that any citizen that criticized the government could be imprisoned. Republicans thought that the Sedition Act went against the first Amendment, which protected the freedom of speech. Opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts, Vice President Jefferson, asked the sates to take strong action against the Acts by canceling them. Kentucky and Virginia passed a resolution claiming that each “has an equal right to judge for itself”. In the end the laws were dropped. In the election of 1800 the Republicans attacked the Federalists for raising taxes and disliked Alien and Sedition Acts. In this election Republicans won the popular vote however the electoral vote was a tie between the President (Jefferson) and the Vice President (Burr), both Republicans. Because of this the House of Representatives had to decide who would be President and Vice President. The House elected Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice. As a result of this deadlock outcome, the Congress passed the 12th Amendment, which required the electors to vote separately for president and vice president.
 * 1) Manufacturing or Farming: Hamilton thought that manufacturing and trade were important because he wanted to model the nation around Britain, where as Jefferson felt that the farmers were the backbone of the country.
 * 2) Federal or State Power: Hamilton wanted the Federal government to have more power that the state government, where as Jefferson wanted the opposite.
 * 3) Strict or Loose Interpretation of the Constitution: Jefferson and Hamilton had a disagreement on whether or not there should be a National Government or not. Jefferson thought that it did not follow the Constitution and Hamilton did not want to follow the government so strictly.
 * 4) Britain or France: Hamilton wanted to stay close with Britain because of trade and Jefferson wanted to stay with France, Americas first allies.

//**Chapter 9: ====Launching the New Government====

Jenny
====1. What precedents did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term and later during his presidency? Why did he feel these actions were in the best interest of the nation? In the beginning of his first term Washington decided not to run for a 3rd term. Being president of the United States is a very stressful and difficult job. Many Presidents after him will not run for a 3rd term either until 1940. He also decided that he needed help in order to lead the Nation, so congress set up the first Cabinet which is made up of the heads of the 5 departments. These departments are the departments of State, War, Treasury, offices of Attorney General, and Postmaster General. Washington picked very famous leaders to be in his Cabinet such as Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Later in his Presidency Washington faced a rebel against the tax on whiskey made up of farmers that grow it. Washington quickly responded and led a militia to Pennsylvania and the farmers quickly fled back to their farms. This situation proved that the government was strong and could respond quickly in times of trouble. It also proved that President Washington was a strong leader and he would make great decisions make wise decisions in times of trouble. ====

==== 2. What role did Alexander Hamilton play during Washington's presidency, and how did he plan to reduce the national debt, which was the result of the debts from the revolution? Alexander Hamilton was picked by Washington to be the Secretary of the Treasury and he was also the member of his Cabinet. Hamilton knew that the nation was in a large debt so he came up with a plan. This plan was to first let the government pay all federal and state debts. Next he decided to have the government pay for the bonds given by National and state governments. Next he wanted to create new bonds to relieve themselves of all the old debts. As the government gained more money they would be able to pay off those bonds and be entirely debt free. Not everyone agreed though. James Madison led the disagreement against Hamilton, but soon Hamilton came up with a compromise which stated that if the capitol would be built in the south then the southerners would need to agree with his plan. ====

By Savannah Gray
==== 3.Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? How was it different from the Boston Tea Party? The Whiskey Rebellion tested the strength of the new government. To raise money for the Treasury, a tax was put on whiskey and many farmers refused to pay it. Some farmers marched in protest and tar-feathered tax collectors. No whiskey was dumped over boats. ====

==== 4. Explain Washington’s advice about foreign policy and about political parties. Washington wanted to keep the country neutral when the French wanted to use American ports to supply its ships meaning he did not want to take sides in the conflict. Washington thought that political parties would cause distrust, ‘jealousies and false alarms’. ====

By Ben Corn
==== 5. Why did American leaders form political parties? It first started when Hamilton and Jefferson got in an argument and Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize the supporter’s views. The states decided to also organize their supporters also. They made a party for Jefferson or Hamilton. They made parties mainly to organize the supporters of a certain person or belief. So if you wanted to support Jefferson you were Republican or if you supported Hamilton you were a Federalist. ====

==== 6. Why did the French Revolution lose support in the United States? Does this surprise you considering the support that the American colonies gained from their alliance with the French? France lost some support from the United States because the war kept becoming more and more violent and many French citizens were being executed. Yes it does surprise me a little considering that they could use France in years to come if they needed any additional support. The French were using the extreme ways of war tactics to gain their freedom which was very important. If by all means you need to try and gain your freedom. Although some people did support the French Revolution there were many who people who argued about it. Later on the XYZ Affair also upset many people. ====

By Andrew Farrell
====7. How was United States neutrality challenged during Washington’s presidency?For one Washington’s Cabinet was greatly divided. People like Hamilton stated that their treaty was with Louis XVI, and now that the king was dead they are no longer bound with France. However, people like Thomas Jefferson urged that we stay allied to France. Second, many Americans wanted to trade with both England and France. However, because of the war, they were capturing and destroying American ships in each other’s territory, making trade almost impossible. Many Americans called for war, which made it hard to keep people settled.====

==== 8. How did President John Adams react to the crisis with France? ** Even though the XYZ affair ignited the United States towards war, John Adams desperately tried to avoid war. Like Washington, he didn’t want to get mixed up in foreign affairs, so he refused to ask Congress to go to war. The French were attacking American ships because of the Jay’s Treaty with England. So John decided to strengthen the navy by building Frigates, or fast-moving ships with many guns. This addition to the American Navy helped convince France to stop attacking American ships. **====

By Jaimisha Patel
==== 9.  What was the disagreement between President Adams and Alexander Hamilton regarding whether the United States should go to war? What happened as a result of the disagreement? Hamilton was a part of the Federalist party, who criticized Adams. The Federalists wanted to make the Republicans weak because they supported the French. One of the goals of the Federalists was to create a military force. If the nation ended up going to war then they would have to create a military. Adams was a Federalist but did not want to go to war. The disagreement caused the Federalist party to split. Adams just ignored Hamilton’s opinion and he sent diplomats to France. There, the French signed an agreement to stop seizing American ships because they were planning war against other European nations. The result of the disagreement kept the nation out of war, but he lost support of Federalists. ====

====10. What happened as a result of the election of 1800, and how did it affect the nation? When no presidential candidate wins a majority of the Electoral College vote, as occurred in the election of 1800, who decides the winner of the presidential el There was no President elected because there was a tie in the Electoral vote (73 each). It brought the nation to a standstill without a President and the nation had to make a decision they never had to make before. In the event of a tie, the winner of the presidential election is decided by the House of Representatives. As a result the 12th Amendment was passed which required electors to vote separately. ====

Section 1: Inauguration – ceremony in which the President officially takes oath of office Precedent – act or decision that sets an example for others to follow Cabinet – group of officials who head governments departments and advise the President Judiciary Act – a 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation National debt – total sum of the money that a government owes to others Bond – certificate that promises to repay money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date Speculator – someone who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit Bank of the US – bank set up in 1791 to hold the government deposits and to issue paper money to pay government bills Tariff – tax on foreign goods brought into a country Whiskey Rebellion – a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the U.S. Section 2: French Revolution – a 1789 rebellion in France that ended the French monarchy for a time Foreign policy – actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations Neutral – not taking sides in a conflict Neutrality Proclamation – a 1793 statement by President Washington that the U.S. would not support either France or Britain in their European conflict Jay’s Treaty – a 1795 agreement between Britain and the U.S. that called for Britain to pay damages for seized American ships and to give up forts it still held in West Farewell Address – final official speech of Presidents as they exit office Section 3: Faction – opposing group within a party Unconstitutional – not permitted by the Constitution Democratic Republican – supporter of Thomas Jefferson Federalists – supporter of the Constitution who favored a strong federal government Section 4: XYZ Affair – a 1797 French attempt to bribe the U.S. by demanding money before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships Frigate – fast-sailing ship with many guns Alien and Sedition acts Sedition – in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials Nullify - cancel Kentucky and Virginia resolutions – declarations passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is constitutional //**
 * // Vocab: By Savannah Gray
 * // State’s rights – the right of the states to limit the power of the federal government

Pictures By Andrew Farrell and Jenny Armstrong

Fight between Jefferson and Hamilton // [|//**http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/SocialStudies/USHistory/USHistory06.jpg**//]

http://www.utdallas.edu/~pkj010100/US/xyz2_s.jpg XYZ AFFAIR

** http://future.state.gov/images/images_future/4715/jaytreaty1.jpg **John Jay

//John Adams//** http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.americanheritage.com/assets/images/articles/web/20080320-JohnAdams.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.americanheritage.com/places/articles/web/20080319-Adams_National_Historical_Park_John_Adams_Historica_Houses_Travel_Tourism_Boston.shtml&usg=__bhV72_Uc_DckEzACf7vG9ihdKuY=&h=341&w=280&sz=51&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=JvQApJn42KdmDM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=99&prev=/images%3Fq%3DJohn%2BAdams%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den Washington Adressing Ceremony http://georgewashington.si.edu/life/chrono_presidential.html
 * [[image:washington_photo_presidenti.jpg width="64" height="64"]]

//5th Period://** HAH Chapter 9 group 5-4 __     http://www.congressforkids.net/images/unclesam_donkeyelephant.gif After the Revolutionary War our country had some very important decisions to make, who would lead it, how would we run it, how would we protect it. These were some common questions that our nation’s leaders had to face during this time. The time that we studied was from 1789-1800. There were many great events that happened during these times, including George Washington’s Presidency, the plan for our nation’s capital, and Napoleon Bonaparte’s great legacy in France. Also during this time Americans started their expansion toward the west by settling in the Ohio River Valley, and along the Mississippi looking for places to raise their families. With all that happened there was a great distress with the government, because since they were a new nation they were struggling financially. The country soon chooses George Washington to lead it. But his presidency soon got very difficult, he then had to immediately had to start choosing cabinet members, Judicial officials, and his representatives. There were also many disagreements on how to run our country, shortly after Washington ended his presidency different parties arose making it hard for our leaders to focus on what really mattered, which was the people. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10644/10644-h/Illus0368.jpg [|Vocab Quizlet Flashcards(click on this link)] 1. Inauguration- ceremony in which the president elect is sworn in. 2. Precedent-is an act or decsision in which that sets an example. 3. Cabinet- The President's advisors and assistants. 4. Judicary act- set up a system of district and circuit courts. 5. National debt- amount of money the government owes to others. 6. Bond- certificate that promises to repay this issuing money loaned. 7. Speculator- someone who invests in a risky venture in hope of making a large profit. 8. Bank of the United States- the national bank 9. Tariff- tax on foreign goods 10. Whisky Rebellion- tested will of the new government. Q1. What precedents did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term and later during his presidency? Why did he feel these actions were the best interest in the nation? A1. Washington decided to not run for the third term, he chose well known leaders for the first cabinet and he had to decide on a foreign policy These actions enabled the future presidents to follow his decisions and help guide the nation in the future. http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/alexander-hamilton.jpg
 * Chapter 9- Launching a New Government** __

http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/alexander-hamilton.jpg Q2.What role did Alexander Hamilton play during Washington’s presidency, and how did he plan to reduce the national debt, which was the result of the debts from the revolution? A2. Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary to the Treasury. His plan to reduce debt was that the government buy all of the bonds and issue new ones to pay of the debts. That would enable the bank to pay off the debts. The result of the debts was because during the revolution the government issued bonds to soldiers but many of the bondholders needed the money immediately. So they sold the bonds to speculators. If the government paid off the bonds the speculators would be making fortunes. Q3. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? How was it different from the Boston Tea Party? A3. The Whiskey Rebellion was significant because it showed the strength of the new government and showed that it was always prepared. That is one part of why it was different from the Boston Tea Party the other part was that no law was enforced upon the rebels. http://youngnationprojectkira.blogspot.com/2008/04/whiskey-rebellionfederal-soldiers.html Q4. Explain Washington’s advice about foreign policy and about political parties. A4(a). Before George Washington retired he advised the citizens that they needed to reject alliances that put the country into war. He said that we should stay true to our policy and not get involved in European affairs. This advice led the American foreign policy fro many years. A4(b)His advice about it was to be neutral because Washington was not sure if he could honor the foreign policy he would make with the French because of al the things the French are asking for. Q5. Why did American leaders form political parties? A5. The leaders formed political parties because there were many disagreements in many things such as farming and manufacturing, federal law and state law, and strict or loose interpretation of the constitution. Q6. Why did the French Revolution lose support in the United States? Does this surprise you considering the support that the American colonies gained from their alliance with the French? http://www.freewebs.com/ssjchokobo/06_french_revolution.jpg A6. The French lost support because they thought Jay’s Treaty favored Britain. French ships began to capture American ships and America declared war against France. This does surprise me, because just because a disagreement about a treaty, war broke out against the French. They could have simply worked it out. Q7. How was United States neutrality challenged during Washington’s presidency? A7. The U.S was neutrality challenged because they were neutral during French revolution. Many people were against that making the country harder to be under control. <span style="color: rgb(171,133,204); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adams sent diplomats to Paris to discuss the rights of neutral nations.
 * 8.How did President John Adams react to the crisis with France? **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; background-color: rgb(184,144,213);">They disagreed on whether or not to follow through with war. Hamilton believed that war would weaken the republics, who supported France. He also thought that war would also force the nation to build its military force. A strong military would increase federal power. That was a federalist key. Even though Adams was a federalist he disagreed with Hamilton. There disagreement created a split in the Federalist parties. http://www.americanrevolution.com/images/JohnAdams.jpg
 * 9.What was the disagreement between President Adams and Alexander Hamilton regarding whether the United States should go to war? What happened as a result of the disagreement? **

**10.What happened as a result of the election of 1800, and how did it affect the nation?** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; background-color: rgb(180,168,184);">When no presidential candidate wins a majority of the Electoral College vote, as occurred in the election of 1800, who decides the winner of the presidential election? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; background-color: rgb(180,168,184);">The Federalist Party slowly declined after 1800. After Hamilton was killed it was very hard on the party. If no candidate wins the vote the House of Representatives decides. Only after four days and thirty-six votes the tie was finally broken. The house chose Jefferson.


 * //Chapter 10:

1st Period: //**<span style="font-size: 26pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(255,204,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Questions: <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> 1. **<span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Describe Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic style of government and its impact on his presidency? Thomas Jefferson was not like the other presidents, much less the other politicians. His democratic beliefs were odd at the time. For example, he preferred quiet dinners, wearing casual clothing, and shaking hands instead of bowing. He was also pro French Revolution, which most Americans were against. Although all of these things were questionable of his decision-making, he exaggerated that each citizen should participate in the democracy. ** <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> 2. **<span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Why was Jefferson determined to reduce the size and power of the federal government? What did he do as a result of the decision? He was determined because the Federalists had made the federal government too powerful. Because of this, he proposed the idea of reducing the federal budget. This idea reduced debt in America. Laissez faire played a big part because trade and manufacturing were now not being federally over watched all the time. Jefferson also decreased the size of the army and navy, asked for the whiskey tax to be repealed, and he decreased the size of the national government in general. Although this was a lot, he still kept some of the Federalist ideas like the state paying off debt and others. # What is a judicial review? Explain how a conflict and a supreme Court case led to the judicial review becoming a major responsibility of the Supreme Court. A judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are constitutional. The judicial review gives the Supreme Court the power, so if they do not choose wisely, the blame is on them. Madison vs. Marbury started this because the Supreme Court had little power and it was unfair for Marbury to be put on last minute by the Federalists to control the judicial branch. When Spain gave Louisiana back to France, our trading port was no longer allowed. After giving up an American empire after the Haitian rebellion, Robert Livingston and James Monroe negotiated and ended up getting all the land from the Mississippi to the Rockies for $15 million. They brought back much useful information about temperature, climate, wildlife, geography, topography, and tribes that lived among the region. It was a pure success. The waterways were the easiest to travel by and the destination was always the pacific Ocean. They were searching for the Northwest Passage. They wanted to trade with India and China. After the Purchase, and simple overcrowding, more and more settlers came and crossed the Appalachians, making a cold war kind of effect. Everyone was worried about attack, and superiority made the American encroach on Indian territory. The settlers were taking the Indian’s land. Tecumseh’s Indian confederation was formed to hold the white settlers back. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Both Britain and France did not want America to trade with their enemies. They both stopped American ships from going to the other country. Their actions were different because the British started impressing sailors to stop American ships. France just stopped ships from going to England. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> The military of the US was not prepared to fight because Jefferson reduced the money spending on the defense so the armies and navies were small. The commanders knew very little about fighting strategies. Congress gave out money for people to volunteer to help fight for the US. <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(255,204,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Chapter Overview: Chp.1: Thomas Jefferson’s main thing he stresses during his presidency was the fact that he believed that he was no greater than the people he governed as shown during his inauguration: He walked up, instead of the usual dramatic entrance done by the presidents, and gave a quick speech making it a low-key affair. He wanted to turn around the federalist direction our nation was in. Jefferson believed in democratic styles of governing, or making the government less powerful. Here are some of the things he did to achieve that: Cut federal budget and debt (careful managing by Albert Gallatin). Laissez-faire: (idea by Adam Smith) means government taking small role in economic affairs. Free market: goods and services are exchanged with low regulation. Smaller government Departments, Smaller army, and navy. To repeal whiskey task. Adams was a Federalist too. He appointed a young Virginia planter named John Marshall, just like Jefferson onto the Supreme Court, but Marshall was an extreme federalist. He proposed an idea to give more power to the Supreme Court because it was too weak. Madison (the Secretary of State) and Marbury (a last minute judge selected by Adams) went into trial over if it was fair the federalists put Marbury in on the last night of Adam’s presidency. Judicial review was created. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Chp.2 <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Since Spain owned the Louisiana territory at first, Washington sent Thomas Pinckney to make a treaty with Spain and allow us to use their port. It was called the Pinckney treaty. Five years later in 1800, Spain gave Louisiana back to France in another treaty. Jefferson still wanted to use he port, but he knew the French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte was trying to make an empire and would not let us use it. When the Haitians rebelled (inspired by the French Rev. and led by Toussaint L’Ouventure) and won their independence, Napoleon gave up his American Empire dreams. Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to buy Louisiana for future use, and instead they came back with the entire Louisiana territory bought for $15 million. (Less than 2 cents an acre.) The purchase was called a treaty because a president purchasing land was unconstitutional. Jefferson asked Meriwether Lewis who asked William Clark to go with him. They traveled on many rivers with 50 other fit men that were recruited for the job. They stayed winter with an Indian tribe called the Mandans, where they found Sacagawea (a Shoshone Indian). Sacagawea led Lewis and Clark over the Rockies. They made peace with other Indian tribes by giving them peace medals, and eventually they made it to Sacagawea’s old tribe and to the Pacific Ocean finding many valuable insights on the land. Zebulon pike also explored and found Pike’s Peak. Chp.3: In the early 1800,’s British ships would capture Americans and force them to work on their deck. Eventually this escalated. For instance, in the Barbary States pirates were everywhere, so we pay leaders such as Tripoli yearly to keep away. In 1801, they became greedy, and demanded more money. We refused. They boarded and captured the Philadelphia to show us they mean business. We burned our ship in a surprise attack (because they were going to use it against us) and attacked Tripoli making him sign a treaty he would not attack our ships again. In 1803, Britain and France were at war again. We wanted to stay out of it any way we could because we were in deep debt. America declared itself neutral, but when we traded with both sides, the British raided our ships for the sailors and impressed them, and the French took the goods headed for England. First, Jefferson launched the Embargoe Act, banning all trade. When it hurt our economy, too much he set up the Nonintercourse Act. This only banned trade with England and France. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Chp.4: <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> At the beginning of chapter four, the Shawnee leader, Tecumseh, was trying to form a confederation, or league with all of the surrounding Indian tribes. He was doing this because settlers were pushing into Ohio and Indiana territory and the Indians were sick of it. As a result of the Indians anger, they attacked settlers and had several skirmishes with them. One of them was at a place called Fallen Timbers. Ultimately, the Indians lost and the Treaty of Greenville was signed. The settlers got part of Ohio and the Indians got 20 grand. Tecumseh and his brother “The Prophet” were trying to build up their confederation because the settlers had broken the treaty and were pushing into Indiana territory. Because Tecumseh could not organize all of the tribes, they lost a key battle at Tippecanoe Creek. During this, conflict with Britain was rising because they had supplied the Indians with goods and supplies and doing other things. Some members from the south and west wanted war with Britain. They were called, War hawks. They thought that it was the only way to finish off Britain. Finally, President Madison could not take it anymore and asked congress to declare war on Britain, although New England was against it. In June of 1812, Congress declared war on Britain. Chp.5: Many people were excited about war with Britain, but America was not ready for another war. Since Jefferson decreased the size of the Army and Navy, America had to use volunteers again. These volunteers were paid a year’s worth salary, but since America had poor generals and officers, the men were poorly trained. Although these things were bad, Britain was again in a war with France. Since they were in a war, they could not send a lot of men, but they did set up a blockade around all American ports. Naval warfare was crucial in the war. Although the Navy had only 16 ships in its armada, they were extremely effective. One important win for America was when the USS Constitution and the HMS Guerriere faced off. The Constitution won and shocked the entire British fleet. Another one was the Battle of Lake Erie. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry fought bravely when his ship was destroyed, and he swam to another ship and led America to victory. General William Hull tried to lead troops into Canada and take Canada, but a smart British General named Isaac Brock pushed them back. Other attempts to take Canada failed. In the South, Andrew Jackson, with help from the Cherokees, fought the Creek Indians. At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Jackson won an extremely important victory that made the Creek Indians surrender. In the Battle of New Orleans, Jackson, as well as frontiersman, African Americans, and Choctaw Indians dug trenches and picked off British troops one by one. The British had over 2000 casualties to the Americans 7. (This battle happened after the war ended). After the British defeated the French, they sent more troops to America. The extra soldiers landed in Chesapeake Bay, slowly made their way across the countryside, and burned down Washington. After all, of this, New England threatened to leave the Union if the war did not end soon, so America and Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent. Although it was a treaty, nothing was accomplished out of it. America ultimately won the war and finished off Britain. <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(255,204,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Vocabulary: Democratic- ensure that all people have the same rights <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Laissez faire- idea that government should have little to do in economic affairs Free market- where people could exchange their goods with one another Marbury v. Madison- a court case in which declared that the Supreme Court could decide if laws that were passed by Congress were constitutional<span style="border-top-width: 1pt; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: black; background: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: black; padding-bottom: 0in; border-top-color: black; padding-top: 0in; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> Judicial review- the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the President and Congress are doing things constitutional <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Pinckney Treaty- agreement that American ships can sail down the Mississippi to store goods in New Orleans Louisiana Purchase- Territory between Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains that was bought in 1803 from the French Expedition- long journey of exploration <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Continental divide- a ridge that separates a river toward opposite sides of a continent Tribute- bribe <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Impressment- practices of forcing people join the army <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Embargo- ban on trade <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Smuggling – Importing or exporting good in violation of the laws. Nonintercourse – Allowed America to trade with all other countries other than Britain and France
 * 1)  How did the United States obtain Louisiana? How much territory was included in this territory?
 * 1)  What were the results of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
 * 1)  Why did Lewis and Clark explore the water route to the Pacific Ocean?
 * 1)  Why did conflicts between Native Americans and settlers grow after 1800?
 * 1) Explain the goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation?
 * 1) Explain how BOTH Britain and France disregarded American neutrality? In what ways were the actions of the two nations different?
 * 1) Describe the military and political conditions in the United States as it entered the War of 1812?

Confederation – <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0);"> A league <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0); font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Battle of Tippecanoe – A surprise night attack led by the Prophet War Hawks – Members of the South and West called for war <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> Nationalism – Devotion to one’s country Battle of Lake Erie – A sea battle led by Oliver Hazard Perry against the British Battle of New Orleans – A battle where the British were stomped by the Americans. Only seven Americans died Hartford Convention – A convention held in Hartford, Connecticut, in December 1814 Treaty of Ghent – A peace treaty signed on December 24, 1814 <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,51,0); line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(255,204,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Stuff That My Teammates Did not Have to Do, but Did Anyway: The War of 1812 <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> Section 3 Assessment <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> a)   Empress of China - The Empress of China was the first American ship that traded goods with China. The significance was that America and China became great trading partners, which brought the Americans a lot of profit and items. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> b)    Stephen Decatur - When the Tripoli wanted to use the captured American ship: Philadelphia to attack other ships, Decatur, and his crew burned the ship at night. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> c)   Embargo Act - The act passed by Jefferson that hurt France, Britain, and mostly America. All the goods were piled up in America because the embargo cut off trade, which caused merchants to end up smuggling goods to other countries.  d)  Nonintercourse Act <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> - The act that substituted the Embargo Act. It let Americans trade with any country except for Britain and France. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> a)  tribute- bribe <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> b)   Impressment- forcing people into serving <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> c)  embargo- a ban on all of trade <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> d)   smuggling- bringing goods in and out disobeying the law <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> When traders were in the Mediterranean area, pirates from the Barbary States would attack American ships so the Americans paid a bribe to the pirates to ask them not to attack the ships. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> In 1803, France and Britain went to war. Americans decided to trade goods with both sides anyways. Neither France nor Britain wanted American to be selling goods to their opponent. The French would seize American ships headed for England while the British would seize American ships headed for France. <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0,51,0);"> The goal of the Embargo Act was to hurt Britain and France because they were seizing American ships. The Embargo Act then banned trade completely. The reason why it failed was because the merchants had no one to trade with and they were losing money because all the goods were piled up and useless because trade was cut off. <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: rgb(255,204,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri Bold';">Picture Sources: http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Second+War+for+Independence http://classroom.lagovistaisd.net/webs/scottie_johnson/upload/ch08a.ppt [|http://www.mikefleenor.com/observatory/ obs2/volunteer-tn.htm] http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=251007 http://library.thinkquest.org/22916/tipcanoe.html
 * United States was not ready for the war.
 * Government relied on volunteer soldiers.
 * British navy blocked American ports so that they can stop trade.
 * Isaac Hull, captain of USS Constitution, saw the British ship HMS Guerriere and made them surrender.
 * The attempt to conquer Canada did not work.
 * Oliver Perry was a hero at the Battle of Lake Erie. He was a hero because even though his ship was destroyed, he rowed over to another American ship and started fighting.
 * The Americans finally won the Battle of Lake Erie.
 * The British burned the White House but before they did, Dolley Madison took important papers of the president and also the portrait of George Washington with her and she fled the place.
 * The Battle of New Orleans started two years after the war ended but nobody knew.
 * Jackson’s forces included the Choctaw Indians.
 * The Americans built trenches for them to be safe.
 * Seven Americans died but the Americans won.
 * African Americans joined the war to fight off the British.
 * New Englanders protested about the British blockade because it had hurt their sea trade. They also feared that America would win land in Florida and Canada.
 * The Treaty of Ghent was a peace treaty that was signed by the Americans and the British at the end of the War of 1812.
 * 1) Explain the significance of
 * 1) Define
 * 1) How did increased overseas trade lead to conflict with the Barbary States?
 * 1) Why did Britain and France begin to seize American ships after 1803?
 * 1) What was the goal of the Embargo Act? Why did it fail?

2nd Period:** HAH~Chapter 10~the Age of Jefferson~Wiki Questions 1. ** Describe Thomas Jefferson’s democratic style and its impact on his presidency. <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">Thomas Jefferson ran a democratic government. He wanted to make sure people had the same rights. He wanted to reduce the size of government. Now, people think the way he does, and don’t want government to play as big a role. ** 2. ** Why was Jefferson determined to reduce the size and power of the federal government? What did he do as a result of this decision? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">Jefferson <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);"> wanted to reduce the size and power, because our government was becoming too big, and controlling our lives. He wanted to be let alone (laissez faire). He wanted government to protect the rights of citizens, but not do more. Jefferson reduced the size of the army and navy. ** 3. ** What is judicial review? Explain how a conflict and a Supreme Court case led to judicial review becoming a major responsibility of the Supreme Court. <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">Judicial review is when the Supreme Court decides whether the acts of the presidents or the laws are constitutional. If someone was on trial for disobeying a law, the Supreme Court may take another look at the law to see if it was a good and constitutional law. 4. How did the United States obtain Louisiana? How much territory was included in this territory? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">They bought Louisiana through the Louisiana Purchase from France for 15 million dollars. The territory included was from the Mississippi River to the west and Canada to the Gulf. The territory doubled overnight. ** 5. ** What were results of the Lewis and Clark expedition? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">The purpose was to find important information about the Louisiana Purchase. One example of this was the width of the nation. They found out HOW big the continent really was. ** 6. ** Why did Lewis and Clark explore a water route to the Pacific Ocean? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">The reason they were following a WATER route was because they had their original idea still in place, which was looking for the Northwest Passage. They wanted a way to get to Asia. ** 7. ** Why did conflicts between Native Americans and settlers grow after 1800? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">The settlers started to move west onto the Native Americans lands and built farms. They hunted animals that were valuable to the Indians for food. The Native Americans and the settlers often broke out in fights. **

8. ** Explain the goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">Tecumseh tried to gather Indian nations to form a confederation against the settlers. The Indians thought the settlers and have moved way too far into their land and their customs were corrupt. ** 9. ** Explain how BOTH Britain and France disregarded American neutrality? In what ways were the actions of the two nations different? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);">First the Americans started trading with both sides and as the profits rose they built more ships. If I had to guess incase of battle. In 1803 both France and Britain ignored Americans claims for neutrality because of the trade with their enemies and on their land. The difference between the two countries as it will be explained later was that Britain took everything a lot farther France just captured the ships, but Britain seized soldiers and a lot more ships. This made the Americans furious at Britain because they did not want to be part of this war but both of these countries ignored that they did not want to be part of this. On the French side Napoleon captured American ships heading toward England and on the British side, they stopped Yankee merchants on there way to France. Between 2 years of this a lot of American ships were seized. Britain needed more sailors for the navy so they raided towns and seized men who got forced into the navy and also on the American ships to men from the ships too. And soon after the some of the Americans wanted to declare war, but Jefferson wanted to avoid war because he knew Britain had too good of a navy. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> ** 10. **<span style="color: rgb(0,0,255);">Describe the military and political conditions in the United States as it entered the War of 1812? <span style="color: rgb(0,204,255);"><span style="color: rgb(34,209,236);">The American army was small and untrained. They were still new so they were still working on there skills. The political views were torn because some people were eager to go to war and some people were very against the idea. <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> **
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"><span style="color: rgb(20,34,200);"> Chapter 10 Overview

Section 1 · Jefferson made sure that during his time in office that he makes the government more democratic ** · **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**American farmers shipped their goods down the Mississippi River, but Spanish threatened to close the port** · **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**After the U.S.A. broke away from Britain they started trading continently and some voyages lasted 3years**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson tries to show that it is us ordinary people that make a nation strong**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Federalists worried that since Jefferson was a Republican and that he supported the French Revolution, he would try to have another American Revolution.**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**He tries to calm Federalists by saying that he wouldn’t by a tyrant to Federalists**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson plans to change the polices of the Federalists by downsizing the government**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson tries to lower federal budget a nation debts, laissez faire helps encourage economic growth, he made the size of government parts smaller, he repeals a whiskey tax, and shrinks the size of the army and navy**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson keeps some of the Federalist program like a nation bank. He also keeps Federalist government jobs and uses federal money to pay for a few state debts**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**A law passes from Congress to increase the number of justices**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**John Marshall thought that the Constitution made it unclear what powers the Supreme Court had**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Adams added more justices and tries to add his last justice the last night of his presidency**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson told Madison to not send the paper needed for Marbury to become a justice**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Judiciary Act of 1789 states that the Supreme Court can only trail a federal officials case. The case was called Marbury v. Madison**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Supreme Court said the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**This choice change the court’s power forever**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**This gave them the power of judicial review**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"><span style="color: rgb(39,25,179);">Section 2
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Washington in his presidency set Thomas Pinckney and made the Pinckney treaty**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Spanish sold it to the French**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson is alarmed and tries to buy Louisiana**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Napoleon tries to conquer Europe and set up an empire in the Americas**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**He would grow food in Louisiana and ship it to the French West Indies**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**This failed because the Haitians, the French colony in the Caribbean, rebelled and claimed liberty in 1804**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson wanted to ensure that farmers could send their goods to Louisiana**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**James Monroe, a future president, and Robert Livingston to buy Louisiana. They could only spend up to 10million**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Talleyrand was the negotiator for the French**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Losing at Haiti made him give up in America and he needed money for the war in Europe**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Talleyrand told them to buy all of Louisiana not just New Orleans**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Their first offer was to low, but they ended up buying it for 15million**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson did not know if the president had the power to buy Louisiana**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**He decided that he did have the power and ask the Senate to approve the treaty which was called the Louisiana Purchase**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase area to the Pacific Ocean**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson wants them to take note of the variety of animals and plants and the differences in geography and temperature**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson tells them to try to make friends with the Native Americans**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Lewis and Clark have a lot of young men follow him on their expedition. 50 men made up the party and York, an enslaved African American who was Clark’s best friend of his childhood**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**In May 1804 Lewis and Clark started on the Lewis and Clark expedition**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Lewis and Clark first saw the Great Plains were they saw huge herds of buffalo, elk, and antelope**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They meet many Indian tribes with their U.S. peace metals and they bring many goods to trade**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The first winter they stayed with the Mandans, an Indian tribe in North Dakota**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They need a guide to help them through the Rocky Mountains so they find Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**She and her French-Canadian husband agree to join them on their expedition**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Lewis and Clark notice the differences in geography**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Lewis and Clark find a group of Shoshone Indians and the find Sacagawea’s brother as the group leader**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They also supply them with horses and food**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Rocky Mountains are known as the Continental Divide which means that the rivers flow away in a different ocean**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Once they finished building canoes they canoed down the Columbia River and saw the Pacific Ocean**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**It took them another year it get back and they brought valuable information to Jefferson**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Another important explorer was Pike**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Pike explored the upper Mississippi River to the Colorado plains**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Pike got captured by the Spanish and was only able to find one of his journals**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The information from the explores did not make people want to come there immediately, but the area of New Orleans applied for statehood and they became the state of Louisiana**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"><span style="color: rgb(56,28,186);">Section 3
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Trade started in Indian because New Englanders traded ice for silk and spices. They also traded with China**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Trade with the Indians increased so much that they called all white men Boston**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Congress paid tribute to the Barbary States so merchants wouldn’t be attacked**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Tripoli, a Barbary State, that increased it’s demand, but Jefferson didn’t pay it**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Tripoli declared war so the U.S. navy blockade the port and made them sign a treaty that said they wouldn’t bother us again**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They also made lots money when the British and French went to war**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The French and British went to war and they took American ships because they didn’t like the Americans trading with their enemies**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The British navy forced the American sailors to work in their army**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson passed the Embargo Act that prevented trade with anyone**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**He did this so that French and British would lose more money**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**His plan worked, but the Americans were losing even more money than the British and French**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Jefferson changed the act of embargo to the Nonintercourse Act**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> **This act made it possible to trade with every country except France and Britain unless they accepted American neutrality**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**James Madison became president when Jefferson denied his 3 term**

· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**900,000 settlers moved between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains during 1790-1810**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"><span style="color: rgb(58,39,170);">Section 4
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Settlers paid no attention to treaties made with the Indians and marched all over their property**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Indians got made and attack settlers settling in their lands**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**A good description from the book is “as both sides killed innocent people warfare spread”**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The Indians were being hostile in the Ohio area so George Washington sent General Anthony Wayne to destroy Indian forces**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They battle at Fallen Timbers and the Americans won and they signed the Treaty of Greenville which made the Indians give up their land for $20,000 and more in the future**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Two Indians promised that they would not let the Americans take their land**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They are Tecumseh and Prophet, his brother**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Tecumseh and Prophet were taught that white men ways ruin Native Americans**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They thought that if they returned to the old ways that they would have the strength to holdback the white men**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Prophet made a village called Prophetstown for his followers and he organized an Indian confederation like the Iroquois Indians**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Tecumseh started rebelling against white leaders**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**He was unable to unit all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi because some of them had rivals, but many settlers were astonished by his success**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Harrison brought 1,000 solider to attack Prophetstown and won, but there was many losses on both sides**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Prophet lead the Indian confederation into battle at night because Tecumseh was allying Indians in the South**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**This was the Battle of Tippecanoe**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**These battles hurt the relationships between the U.S and Britain because the British are supplying the Indians with guns**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Congress told Madison that he need to either trade with only France or Britain if one of them stop seizing ships**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**France stop seizing ships and got the trade from the Americans**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Many people wanted to repair our ties to Britain, but the War Hawks wanted Britain to treat us like a nation**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**The War Hawks wanted there to be a war with Britain by attacking Canada and Florida a part of Spain who as Britain’s ally**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**Henry Clay was an outspoken War Hawk**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**War Hawks saw a war with Britain as final peace at the frontier**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**British continue to stop American trade impressing the sailors and blockading American harbors**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**They try to block New York harbor, but get crushed**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· **<span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">**War Hawks want to go to war, but others in Congress fear the effects of a war**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);">· <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Madison gives into the war and both House and Senate vote in favor of war

** <span style="color: rgb(28,0,255);">Section 5

· <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Shocked to hear the news Britain is already having a huge struggle with the French at war · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Britain is unable to send many troops to the U.S. · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The Americans aren’t prepared for war either · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Jefferson’s reduced army and navy are still in place and many of them aren’t trained. Not many good weapons · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> They had to get volunteers · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Congress gave volunteers a full years salary and many young men signed up · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> They soon abandon the army after a couple of months · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The British blockade all American ports · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> This ruins American trade · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Isaac Hull and the USS Constitution fight the Guerriere and win · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> War Hawks think that if they destroy British rule in Canada that they will join our side in the war · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> William Hull fights the cleaver British general Isaac Brock · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Brock used scare tactics like Clark to make it seem hopeless for the Americans · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The Americans fell for it and left. All attempts to Canada failed · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The Americans want control of Lake Erie so they attack and win · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> After the Americans won Erie British and Native American forces fled to Canada · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The Americans chase after them and killed the leader of the Native Americans, Tecumseh · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The confederation was destroyed with his death · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Britain defeated France “finally” and sent its troops to Washington D.C. · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> They invaded Chesapeake Bay and marched 30 miles to Washington · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The British slaughtered the untrained Americans · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The First Lady collected important documents and a painting of George Washington and field to the south · The British set the White House on fire L <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Then they marched to Fort McHenry and constantly attack it · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Francis Scott Key, a viewer of the battle, wrote the song “Star- Spangled Banner” · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The British decided to attack New Orleans next, but Andrew Jackson, a future president, waited there in ambush · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> He captured Pensacola so the British couldn’t use it, he had a thousands of reinforcements which include Native Americans, and had expert riflemen · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The citizens of New Orleans also fought · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> When the British attacked they were under heavy fire more the 2,000 died of cannons and expert shooters. Only 7 Americans died. · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Andrew Jackson become a U.S.A hero · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The U.S.A and Britain had signed a treaty 2 weeks before the Battle of New Orleans · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> African Americans helped at the Battle of New Orleans, build fortification at Pennsylvania, served in black regiments in the army and navy, and in the Battle of Erie · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> People are talking about peace and protesting against the war · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The blockade hurt the economy of the New Englanders so they meet at Hartford to say if the blockade didn’t stop they would separate from the union. Most of them were Federalists · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> The Treaty of Ghent made the U.S. equal to all of the other countries · <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> Some people thing this war was a mistake and others thought Europe would respect the U.S. and still others thought that the U.S. act as a nation and not a group of states. **
 * <span style="color: rgb(0,216,255);"> “Finally we are almost done”

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> = =====<span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(45,212,225);"><span style="font-size: 160%; color: rgb(25,211,225); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cause and <span style="color: rgb(16,216,234);">Effec <span style="font-size: 160%; color: rgb(16,216,234);">t  =====

= ||  || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">  || [|Term List and Flashcards] [|War of 1812 map] [|Lewis and Clark expedition] [|Tecumseh] [|Thomas Jefferson] [|Battle of Tippecanoe] [|Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea]
 * John Adams refused a third term || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> is elected into office ||
 * Jefferson is a Republican || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">All of the Federalist are scared that he will change the government completely ||
 * Jefferson makes the government more Democratic || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">He reuses federal funds and debt, he lets there be not many government restriction on the market, he shrinks the size of the government offices, army and the navy, he also abolishes a whiskey tax ||
 * He keeps some Federalist things like a nation bank, pay of f certain state debts, and allows them to keep their government jobs || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Federalist calm down and stop freaking out ||
 * Adams tries to make a supreme court justice at the last minute || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> tells Madison not to send the paper work ||
 * Marbury, the justice, sues Madison || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They have to go to the Supreme Court because of Judiciary Act ||
 * Madison wins the case and they make the Judiciary Act unconstitutional || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Supreme Court now has the power the review the law to determine if it is constitutional or not ||
 * Spain threatens the safety of goods traveling down the Mississippi to New Orleans || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">George Washington sends Thomas Pinckney to make a treaty called the Pinckney Treaty ||
 * Spain signed a treaty giving New Orleans back to France || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> thinks the Napoleon will try to set up an empire in the New World ||
 * Haitians rebel against the slave labor and declare independence || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Napoleon’s plans fails and he focuses more on the European War ||
 * Napoleon needs more money for the war || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Napoleons’ and Jeffersons’ people talk and buy all of Louisiana for 15million ||
 * Jefferson wonders if he has the power to buy the land || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> thinks he does because he has the authority to make treaties ||
 * The Senate votes on it || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">It passes ||
 * Not many Americans had been passed the Mississippi || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> sends Lewis and Clark on an expedition to explore all of the territory ||
 * Lewis and Clark on their journey stop at the Mandans for winter and they need to find a guide to find their way across the Rockies || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sacagawea and her husband agree to led them on their journey ||
 * They continue in the spring and find a tribe of Shoshone Indians || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Sacagawea sees her brother who she hasn’t seen for a while ||
 * Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea need more supplies || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They give them horses and food ||
 * Lewis and Clark reach the Pacific Ocean || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They are happy to be able to go home ||
 * Pike explores the upper Mississippi down in to Spanish territory || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pike get captured by the Spanish and the get rid of his journals, but he saves one ||
 * Both Pike, Lewis, and Clark’s journals help the country learn about the new territory || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">People are cautious about moving, but Louisiana become a new state in 1812 ||
 * Trade with other countries increases after the Revolutionary War || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">China <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> and Indians become new trading partners ||
 * The Barbary States make us pay tribute to insure the safety of our ships || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">We pay the money ||
 * Tripoli wants the increase the tribute || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> says no ||
 * Tripoli captures our ships and uses them to attack us || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">We burn the ships ||
 * We blockade their harbor || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They s[[image:Picture_1.png]][[image:Picture_1.png]][[image:Picture_1.png]][[image:Picture_1.png]][[image:Picture_1.png]]ign a treaty promising to not bother American ships ||
 * France and Britain have a war || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">We sell to both sides getting rich ||
 * Britain don’t like that so they capture our ship and make the sailors serve in their navy. France doesn’t like it either and only takes our ship || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson decides on embargo ||
 * Americans are made because they are losing lots of money and people start smuggling || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Jefferson <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> changes the law so they can sell to everyone, but Britain and France ||
 * France excepts American neutrality || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Americans can now trade with France ||
 * Tons of settlers settle in the Ohio River Valley || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Indians try to defend their home turf ||
 * George Washington sends General Wayne to Fallen Timbers || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They have a battle and the ||
 * Americans win || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Indian nations sign the Treaty of Greenville which makes them give up their land for 20,000 dollars and more in the future ||
 * Tecumseh and Prophet, his brother want revenge || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They make a town called Prophetstown and an Indian confederation ||
 * Tecumseh is trying to ally Indians in the South || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Americans think it is a good time to attack Prophetstown ||
 * They fight || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Americans win, but Tecumseh is still preventing settlements ||
 * Americans are being fought on two frontiers || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">War Hawks arise and want to go to war to end war in the settlements once and for all ||
 * British ships try to blockade the New York harbor || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Americans stop it and won ||
 * The House and Senate both vote to go to war || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">We go to war ||
 * Jefferson rejects his third term || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Madison <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> become the 4th president ||
 * Britain is still fighting France || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They can’t spare many troops ||
 * The U.S. army and navy are small and untrained || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">U.S. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> must hope for volunteers ||
 * Many of the volunteers are young || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The soon abandon the army and navy ||
 * The British navy blockades most of the U.S. ports || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The U.S. cannot stop them because of a small navy ||
 * War Hawks try to over throw British rule in Canada || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They fail because the British generals use brilliant war tactics ||
 * The U.S. want control of Lake Erie || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They have a big sea battle ||
 * The U.S. wins || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They control Lake Erie ||
 * After the loss the British and Native Americans flee to Canada || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The U.S. chases them and kills their leader Tecumseh ||
 * Tecumseh dies || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Indian confederation falls apart ||
 * Britain beats France || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They can sent their people the U.S. ||
 * They invade Chesapeake Bay and burned the White House || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Mrs. Madison leaves the White House with important documents and a picture of George Washington ||
 * The British attack Fort McHenry || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Francis Scott Key writes the Star-Spangled Banner ||
 * British plan to attack New Orleans || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Andrew Jackson captures Pensacola so British ships can’t dock there ||
 * His forces were white and black people, the Choctaws, and good riflemen || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They are ready for the British forces to come ||
 * The British attack || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The British get creamed because of the good riflemen and the cannons ||
 * The U.S. sign the Treaty of Ghent with the British before the Battle of New Orleans || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The Battle of New Orleans was pointless ||
 * New Englanders are losing money because of the blockade || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">They threaten to leave the union of nations ||
 * War causes new heroes to arise || <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,204,255); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Andrew Jackson, William Harrison, and Oliver Perry become famous ||
 * 1) **Battle of Lake Erie:** War of 1812, American victory won by Oliver Perry against British
 * 2) **Battle of New Orleans:** at the end of the war, a battle between American and British troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an American victory
 * 3) **Battle of Tippecanoe:** a battle between the whites and the natives in native land (1811)
 * 4) **confederation:** a group of free and independent states, nations, or contries
 * 5) **continental divide:** Mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of continent
 * 6) **democratic:** making sure everyone has the same rights.
 * 7) **embargo:** a government order imposing a trade barrier
 * 8) **Embargo Act:** prohibited all foreign trade (1807)
 * 9) **expedition:** a long journey to go exploring
 * 10) **free market:** an economic system buyers and sellers are free to exchange goods and services as they choose with little regulation
 * 11) **Hartford Convention:** a bunch of New Englanders protest the War of 1812 and threaten to seperate from the Union
 * 12) **impressment:** the practice of forcing a someone to serve in the military
 * 13) **judicial review:** the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws by congress unconstitutional
 * 14) **laissez faire:** idea that government should have little participation the economic affairs
 * 15) **Louisiana Purchase:** territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million (extends from the Mississippi River to the Rockey Mountains & from the Gulf to Canada
 * 16) **Marbury vs. Madison:** a court case in 1803 where the Surpreme Court ruked that it has the power to determine wether or not the laws that congress passed were constitiutional or not.
 * 17) **nationalism:** alot of pride in their nation
 * 18) **Nonintercourse Act:** a law that allowed trade with nations outside except Britain and France
 * 19) **Pinckey Treaty:** in this Spain let U.S. ship goods down the Mississippi n store then in New Orleans
 * 20) **smuggling:** importing and exporting goods with outside nations behind the law
 * 21) **Treaty of Ghent:** a peace treaty that the British and Americans sign towards to the end of the war
 * 22) **Treaty of Greenville:** it was a treaty signed by the Native Americans that gave up land that would later become part or Ohio (1795)
 * 23) **tribute:** bribe
 * 24) **War Hawks:** members of congress, prior to the battle of 1812, who wanted to fight Britain in the south an the west.
 * Use back arrow to return to this page when viewing these pictures and maps.**

[|War of 1812]
[|war of 1812 cartoon]

5th Period:
===Chapter 10 gives you incite into the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. It explains about why Federalists disliked him and how he made the government smaller. It teaches about the strengthening of the Supreme Court and how economics should be left alone instead of being toyed with by the government. Section two goes and talks about the Louisiana Purchase and why it was made. It tells of the travels of Lewis and Clark and how they affected America. It talks about why the Louisiana Purchase was really the solution to a dispute over power. Section three discusses foreign policies and what it means to be neutral. Four talks about the start of the war of 1812 and conflict with Native Americans. It talks about Tecumseh’s treaty and the push towards war. Last, section five explains the causes of the war of 1812. It talks about how we were unprepared for the wars in the west. The last thing in chapter 10 is peace and protest.===

<span style="color: rgb(226,3,3);">**1. Describe Thomas Jefferson’s democratic style and its impact on his presidency.**
===Thomas Jefferson was a very informal person. He wore clothes that were casual instead of a suite and tie. Besides this, Jefferson, was very democratic. He believed in the fact that all three branches should have equal power. He also believed in a small government and supporting the French in their revolution. Jefferson had two main ideas, make the government smaller, and reconcile party differences. These two things helped make a government that did less arguing and got more work done. Many Federalists worried that he would be harsh on republicans. They also believed that he would put a lot of people in jail and through out many republican workers within the government. Jefferson turned out to be a fair man and did not do these things. Instead, he tried to mend the government, bring it together, and make it better for the good of the people.===

<span style="color: rgb(232,2,2);">**2.Why was Jefferson determined to reduce the size and power of the federal government? What did he do as a result of this decision?**
===Jefferson believed that the government had too much control over the people. He wanted equal power. He also did not want a totalitarian government in which the government ruled over the helpless people like a king. He did one main thing to put his plan into effect. This plan had to do with money. First, he cut taxes such as the whiskey tax. This gave the government a smaller budget. Next, he cut much of the flow of money going towards the army and navy. This meant that the government needed less money to function properly. He also reduced the size in cabinets and departments. The last thing that he promoted was laissez faire. This stated that the government should not try and control economics and just let it run by itself. This took a lot of the governments control away from them.===

<span style="color: rgb(201,3,3);">**3. What is judicial review? Explain how a conflict and a Supreme Court case led to judicial review becoming a major responsibility of the Supreme Court.**
===Judicial review is the power; the Supreme Court has, to determine if a law from congress is constitutional. The case that led to the Supreme Court being given this power is the Marbury vs. Madison case. The Marbury vs. Madison case was brought before the Supreme Court because the Judiciary Act of 1789 said that only the Supreme Court had the power to decide a case that was brought against a federal official. John Marshall whose understanding was that the three branches of government balanced each other out brought upon this case. He felt that the federal government was too weak and wanted to make it stronger by presenting this case to the Supreme Court. William Marbury was a judge appointed by John Adams, the republicans accused the federalists of using unfair tactics to keep control of the courts. Since Marbury was appointed on the last day of Adams presidency, Jefferson ordered James Madison not to deliver the papers for Marburys’ appointment. Marbury sued and the case was taken to the Supreme Court. The court ruled against Marbury because Chief Justice Marshall thought that the judiciary act was unconstitutional. That’s when the Supreme Court came up with the judicial review; this decision gave more power to the Supreme Court and the federal government.===

<span style="color: rgb(217,2,2);">**4. How did the United States obtain Louisiana? How much land was included in this territory?**
===With few roads west of the Appalachian Mountains, the United States farmers relied on the Mississippi River to carry there goods to the vital port of New Orleans, which was controlled by Spain. Spain, however, often told the U.S. government that they would close down the vital port, so the United States needed to make sure that didn’t happen. They did just that when they sent Thomas Pinckney to negotiate a way to keep the port open, and he came up with the Pinckney Treaty, which allowed farmers to ship and store goods in New Orleans. The Americans were shipping and storing away in New Orleans until Spain signed a treaty giving New Orleans back to France. Jefferson knew this would be a problem due to the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte, whose goal was to conquer Europe, and Jefferson feared he would do the same with America. He came to the conclusion that he would purchase New Orleans and West Florida, so he sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to negotiate. At first the French foreign minister, Talleyrand, didn’t seem to have interest in the Americans offer. But since Napoleon had lost Haiti and needed money for the wars in Europe, he told Talleyrand to offer all of Louisiana. He did and the two Americans offered 4 million, which Talleyrand declined and told them to come back. Livingston and Monroe agreed to offer 15 million and the French agreed. With buying this land we gained all of what will soon be the central states, except for Texas.===

<span style="color: rgb(237,2,2);">**5. What were the results of the Lewis and Clark expedition?**
===There were many results of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Some major results were that the land bought in the Louisiana Purchase was explored. Citizens could now move west and expand into the new land. Many people moved around the New Orleans area. The expansion of new settlers pushed the Native Americans back which would lead up to the wars with Native Americans in the west. Another major result was that a trade route to Asia was established. This was one of the reasons that Columbus had sailed to America. The colonists could now expand trade routes and make more profits from traveling to Asia. This was great find although the trade route was not used very much.===

<span style="color: rgb(218,7,7);">**6. Why did Lewis and Clark explore a water route to the Pacific Ocean?**
===When Columbus discovered America, he was looking for a faster trade route to India and other parts of Asia. Many expensive imports could be found there and brought back to Europe. Someone in this business could make a fortune. Since the Mediterranean required a land voyage once one entered Arabia, he decided to try sailing west. By the time Lewis and Clark came around, no one had found a way to Asia. They were looking for a fast and quick water way to get to Asia so that the country could benefit from their discovery.===

<span style="color: rgb(236,9,9);">**7. Why did conflicts between Native Americans and settlers grow after 1800?**
===The conflicts between the Native Americans and settlers grew after 1800 because many settlers began moving west of the Appalachians. The Native Americans didn't like these new settlers because they were building homes on the lands where they hunted. Another reason conflict started was due to the fact that the settlers paid no attention to the agreements they previously had decided upon with the Native Americans.===

<span style="color: rgb(222,2,2);">**8. Explain the goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation?**
===The goal of Tecumseh’s Indian confederation was to get the Indians to return to their old ways and not to depend on muskets, cloth, cooking pots and whiskey from trade with white settlers. One of the main goals of the confederation was to stop settlers from taking over more Indian land in the west.===

<span style="color: rgb(235,5,5);">**9. Explain how BOTH Britain and France disregarded American neutrality? In what ways were the actions of the two nations different?**
===The France and the British disregarded American neutrality by they hijacked American ships that were going to trade to the other country and took all of the cargo on board the ship and took the ship because they did not want America to trade with the other country. The ways that their actions were different were by Napoleon who was France took the American ships that were trading with England and the British forced the crew of the ship to work for the British navy.===

<span style="color: rgb(225,5,5);">**10. Describe the military and political conditions in the United States as it entered the War of 1812?**
===America was completely unprepared for the war. Jefferson had reduced spending on the army and the navy. There were only 16 ships in the navy. This was going up against the entire British navy. The captains of the ships were untrained, and didn’t have experience. There were hardly any regular troops in the army. The army was made up of volunteers. The government offered land and money to anyone who joined. Many young soldiers joined because of the high pay and because they could get a free piece of land. These new troops were inexperienced and stood almost no chance against England. Many of them deserted the army, a crime payable by death.===

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Second+War+for+Independence
Chapter 11:

1st Period:

Chapter11 Chapter 11 Key Terms Industrial Revolution- A long and slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced Spinning Jenny- A machine that could spin several threads of work Capital- Money Capitalist- A person who invests in a business in order to make a profit Factory System- A system that brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods Interchangeable Parts- Parts that would save time and money Lowell Girl- Young women who worked in new mills close to their farms Urbanization- Movement of the population from farms to cities Flatboat- Boat with a flat bottom used for transporting heavy loads on island waterways Turnpike- Road built by a private company that charges a toll to use it Lancaster Turnpike- Road built in the 1790s by a private company, Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania Corduroy Road- Road made of logs. National Road- First federally funded national road project, begun in 1811 Clermont- Fulton’s steamboat launched in 1807 Erie Canal- A canal that let western farmers ship their goods to the port of New York Era of Good Feelings- The eight years of James Monroe’s presidency, 1817 to 1825 Sectionalism- Loyalty to ones state or section rather than the nation as a whole American System- Promotion of economic growth for all sections. Internal Improvements- Improvements for roads, bridges, and canals McCulloch v. Maryland- The court ruled that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders. Gibbons v. Ogden- The Supreme Court upheld the power of federal government to regulate trade between states. Interstate Commerce- Trade between different states. Creole- People born to Spanish parents in there Republic of Great Columbia- Present day nations of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama United Provinces of Central America- Present day nations of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador Honduras and Guatemala. Negro Fort- Fort containing about 1,000 African Americans Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain agreed to give USA Florida for $5 million Monroe Doctrine- A bold foreign policy statement Intervention- Direct Involvement This chapter focuses on the 1st industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a gradual change which replaced human power and animal power with machinery. This would change the way to produce goods. This was an era of many new inventions such as the spinning jenny which could spin several threads at one time. The invention of the factory system brought workers and new machinery together. The main machinery was textile mills. Many things arise from the invention of the textile mill. A whole factory town (Lowell Massachusetts in 1821) arose from the invention of the textile mill. There were also many growing cities during the 1800’s. this process was called urbanization. Since the 1600’s, settlers moved steadily westward. The Great Wagon Road was a main route taken to move west which is located in Pennsylvania. Others loaded there stuff on flatboats going to Pittsburgh. Pioneers from Georgia and South Carolina followed trails west to Alabama. There were also turnpikes and corduroy roads which were very rough and bumpy. The main road project was the National road which Congress approved in 1806. Work began in 1811. It didn’t get finished until 1818 because of the War of 1812. A new way of travel (at the time) was steamboat travel which was created by John Fitch. Robert Fulton lauched his own steamboat in 1807 called the Clermont which was tested on the Hudson River.
 * Overview **

// They improved their roads by building gravel and stone roads. There were turnpikes where you would pay a toll to get through. These changes improved the trade and helped to make traveling easier. // // Soon the steam engine was created and the era steamboats began. People were beginning to head up the //// Atlantic ////, along with this farmers and others could move supplies for a cheap price. // // It made its way to //// America //// by ship in 1789 when Samuel Slater, he had to memorize the plans that led to the creation of the machine. It made trade more of a part of daily life, because more items could be mass produced. // // The factory system was the system that brought machines and factory workers together in one factory to make whatever they were supposed to make. You needed lots of money, or capital, to make a factory. The people that supplied the capital were capitalists. Capitalists were the people that hired factory workers and built the factories. // // The factory cost lots of money and was funded by the Capitalists. The work was hard and had little pay. You had to work a set number of hours and were paid either daily or weekly. Most of the time woman and children work there. This was the beginning of child labor. The factories were not nice and most of the work required you to be quick or else you might lose a limb. The area you working in was dirty and very dangerous. This was not a dream job. // // When Francis Lowell died, his partners built a town and name it after him. //// Lowell ////, //// Massachusetts //// ’ community had nice, small houses that were furnished well unlike other factory towns where people lived in squalor. They hired young women from nearby farms and sent most of their wages to the worker’s families. They built boardinghouses for the workers and made a set of rules to protect them making //// Lowell //// an overall model factory town. // // Congress passed a protective tariff on all good imported from //// Europe ////. This made imports far more expensive than American goods. This effected the South because they built few factories and bought lots of British goods therefore not benefiting from the tax. Also they complained that it made Northerner manufacturers rich. // // Henry Clay was a man who wanted to help economic growth in //// America ////. The American system would put high tariffs on imports. The high tariffs would make //// America //// less dependent on goods from other countries. High tariffs on imports would also help the northerners in their factories. If the northerners got rich from their factories, then they could buy the southerners’ and westerners’ farm crops. The unintended result of the American System was that since there were high tariffs, Congress didn’t spend much on roads, canals, and bridges. The people in the South didn’t want to pay for canals and roads because it wouldn’t be any help to them. // <span style="color: rgb(8,138,164); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> // The Era of good Feelings was when //// America //// experienced a new sense of national unity. People did not oppose //// Monroe //// ’s beliefs, and the Federalist party had practically disappeared. Sectionalism did not help the cause however. Disputes arose from different sections of //// America //// therefore decreasing //// America //// ’s unity as a whole and influencing unity in sections. These disputes were mainly about having a strong or weak federal government. // // The //// US //// wanted //// Florida //// as a state. Then the Creek and Seminole Indians enter //// Georgia //// then they go back to //// Florida ////. Then the Black Seminoles create a Negro Fort in //// Florida ////. The //// US //// wants the fort taken down but, //// Spain //// disagrees so General Andrew Jackson and the //// US //// attack and destroy the fort. //// Spain //// in not in a good position for war so they sell //// Florida //// to the //// US //// for $5,000,000. // // Many Europeans were placing threats on the newly settled Latin American colonies. //// Britain //// was worried if //// Spain //// regained control over the colonies they would lose control over trade. //// Monroe //// acted without //// Britain //// by sending a foreign policy statement called the //// Monroe //// Doctrine. It declared European nations could not interfere with the growth of the Latin American colonies. // // Maryland tried to tax the National Bank in their borders to drive them out. The Bank refused to pay the tax. The Supreme Court ordered that no state had the right to interfere within their borders. //
 * Questions **
 * 1) How did Americans improve their roads in the early 1800s? What was a result of the improvements?
 * 1) How did water transportation change, in the nation and in the world? What were the effects of these changes?
 * 1) Explain how the Industrial revolution made its way to the United States and how it changed American economy and trade.
 * 1) What is the factory system? What was required to create factories?
 * 1) Describe daily life in the factories of the factories of the early 1800s.
 * 1) What made Lowell, Massachusetts a model factory town?
 * 1) How did Congress protect American manufacturers after the war of 1812? Did this effect beneath the entire nation?
 * 1) Who was Henry Clay and what was his American System? What was an unintended result of Clay’s American System?
 * 1) What was the Era of Good Feelings? What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Geed Feelings?
 * 1) How did the United States gain Florida from Spain ?
 * 1) What led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine? What is the Monroe Doctrine?
 * 1) Explain the Supreme Court decision in //McCullough v.// // Maryland //// ? //

2nd Period: 1. How did Americans improve their roads in the early 1800s? What was a result of the improvements?
 * Chapter 11: The Nation Grows and Prospers **
 * A) Americans improved their roads by making turnpikes and corduroy roads. Turnpikes helped to build more roads because the would collect money. Corduroy roads helped by making wagons not get stuck in the mud anymore.**

2. How did water transportation change, in the nation and in the world? What were the effects of these changes?
 * A) John Fitch opened a new era in river travel when he invented the steam engine. He opened a ferry service on the Delaware River, but it wasn’t successful and he went out of business. In 1807, however, Robert Fulton opened his own steamboat on the Hudson River. He took his boat from New York City to Albany in less than three days. This caused steamboats to start to spread along the Atlantic coast and even west into Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi. This gave them a different alternative by giving farmers and merchants a cheap means of moving goods. The effects of these changes were they could now travel upstream without using paddles or rope. They also traveled faster because of these productive changes. It helped farmers and merchants in the west to move goods without spending as much money as they used to. Although there were some good effects of this new technology, there were also some unfortunate ones. As steamboats captains sailed along the river ; this sometimes caused high-pressure boilers to explode. Between 1811 and 1861 there were around four hundred steamboat fatalities**

3. Explain how the Industrial Revolution made its way to the United States and how it changed American economy and trade. 4. What is the factory system? What was required to create factories?
 * A) Samuel Slater, a skilled mechanic in a British textile mill, left Britain when he heard Americans were offering large rewards for the plans of British factories. Although his trip was successful, this was still against the law in Britain and since this was such a big deal British officials would search passengers’ bags when they boarded ships sailing to America. Obviously, Slater got past the officials without being caught because he memorized the design of the machines in the mill. The economy changed because of Whitney when he invented interchangeable parts it saved a lot of time and money.**
 * A) **** The factory system was a system that got workers and machinery and brought them all to one place to make and produce goods. The important that was required in order to create a factory was that you had to have a lot of money or capital. You also had to have a capitalist who invests in a business in order to make a profit. **
 * 5. **Describe daily life in the factories of the factories of the early 1800s**.**


 * A) The daily life in the factories of the factories of the early 1800’s was that the factory workers earned daily or weekly amounts of money. They had to work a certain amount of hours each day.**

6. What made Lowell, Massachusetts a model factory town? A)Because of the new mill that he built would turn raw cotton into finished cloth. They would hire women from farms to work for them.

7. How did Congress protect American manufacturers after the War of 1812? Did this effect benefit the entire nation?
 * A)Boys and girls at age seven had to work in factories. Small children were useful in textile mills because they could squeeze the large machines to change spindles. Women also had to work in the factories. The mill owners did this because they would pay half of what they would have to pay men.**

8. Who was Henry Clay and what was his American System? What was an unintended result of Clay’s American System?


 * A) Henry Clay was a leader of the war hawks and he spoke for the west. His American system was a system which put high tariffs on imports which would help the factories in the north. Then the factories would by farming products from the South and the West, which would reduce dependence on foreign goods. The money was also used to build roads, bridges, and canals. One unintended result of his system was for southerners to dislike his plan. Another result was that congress kept the money instead of building stuff to help make transportation easier.**

9. What was the Era of Good Feelings? What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Geed Feelings? ** A)The Era of Good Feelings took place in the 8 years that James Monroe was president. James Monroe was old fashioned and well respected. He made the U.S. feel united. **
 * Sectionalism ruined the feeling of unity. People became more loyal to their state than to the U.S. **

10. How did the United States gain Florida from Spain?
 * A)The U.S. bought Spain for 5 million dollars. It was apart of the Adams-Onis Treaty, where Spain gave up Florida to avoid war with the U.S. Jackson was coming with over 3,000 soldiers; he wanted the lands because African Americans were escaping to Florida and there was a chance that they would revolt. **

11. What led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine? What is the Monroe Doctrine?
 * A)Prussia, France, Russia, and Austria formed a strong alliance that would take out and ideas of revolution in Europe. The U.S. was worried because the alliance might help Spain get back Florida. The British worried that trade would be hindered if Spain got its colonies back. **
 * So they made a policy statement (Monroe Doctrine) that stated that the U.S. would not be involved with anyone that wanted Spain’s colonies back. It also said that they did not agree to build new colonies in America. Britain backed up the document too. **

12. Explain the Supreme Court decision in //McCullough v. Maryland?//


 * The Supreme Court decision in McCllough v. Maryland was that under that Chief Justice Marshall, the Supreme Court strengthened the power of the federal government raise economic growth. The court said that all stated had no right to get in the way with federal institutions within their borders. The ruling made federal power a lot better. It also gave the Bank of the United states a chance to continue, and that helped the economy expand.**

Industrial revolution- was a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced. Spinning Jenny- was a machine that could spin several threads at once. Capital- money raised for a business venture. Capitalist- was a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit. Factory system- brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods. Interchangeable parts- would save time and money Lowell girls- were young women who worked in the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution. Urbanization- was a movement of population from farms to cities. Flatboat- a boat with a flat bottom used for transporting heavy loads on inland waterways. Turnpike- a road built by a private company that charges a toll to use it Lancaster Turnpike- a road built in the 1790s by a private company, linking Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Corduroy road- a road made of logs. National Road- first federally funded national road project, begun in 1811. Clermont- a steamboat built in 1807 by Robert Fulton; first steamboat to be commercially in American waters. Erie Canal- artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River. Era of Good Feelings- the eight years of James Monroe`s presidency, from 1817 to 1825. Sectionalism- was the loyalty to a state or section rather than the whole country. American System- program for economy growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s; called for high tariffs on imports. Internal Improvements- were improvements to roads, bridges and canals. McCulloch v Maryland- an 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders. Gibbons v Ogden- an 1814 casein which the Supreme Court upheld the power of the federal government to regulate commerce. Interstate commerce- was a business that crosses state lines. Creole- a person born in Spain`s American colonies to Spanish parents. Republic of Great Columbia- independent state composed of the present day nations of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama, established in 1819. United Providence of Central America- a federation established in 1823, containing the present day nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Negro Fort- a settlement of fugitive African American slaves in the Spanish colony of Florida. Adams-Onis Treaty- an 1821 treaty between Spain and the United States in which Spain agreed to give Florida to the United States. Monroe Doctrine- President Wilson`s foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America. Intervention- was a direct involvement.
 * Chapter 11 Vocabulary **
 * __Section 1__**
 * __ Section 2 __**
 * __ Section 3 __**
 * __ Section 4 __**



5th Period: **__ Chapter 11: The Nation Grows and Prospers __** __<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Key Vocab: __ __ Summary __ : In the 1800s, many things were stirring. An industrial revolution was occurring in Britain and ideas of this enlightenment illegally made their way to America. The lives of Americans changed greatly because of this. Workers at mills and factories were kept there all day. Women and children were put to work. A woman working at home instead of at a mill was a sign of success. As these mills sprang up along water, so did cities, hazards, and attractions. Q3: Explain how the Industrial Revolution made its way and how it changed American economy and trade. __**<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The Industrial Revolution made its way to the United States by the way of Samuel Slater. Slater knew that the law passed by parliament, the law that said that only Britain could use the Factory System, wouldn’t work. He also knew that the officials searched luggage as it got onto the boat, so he memorized the British Factory. He knew that this risk would be very profitable if it was done well and made its way to the Americas. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The idea of a factory or a device that would sew thread together had never even been a possibility before, The U.S. had been centered their trade and economy so much on farming and field work that factories seemed like a new age. It benefited the states well and made work, not only easier to find, but easier in general! They had never seen anything like it before and knew they could take advantage of it. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Children as young as seven worked in factories. Small children could squeeze in between the machines to change the spindles in textile mills. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">People back then didn't think it was cruel for children to be working in the factories. In fact, the children were thought to be very hard workers. Many times, children's wages helped support their families. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Working hours in the mill were 12 hours 6 days a week. They worked generally the same hours all year long. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">American mills were much better than most factories in Europe. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">As the Industries grew, the competition grew fiercer, the employers took less interest in their workers well being. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">More family members left their home as the factory system spread. It affected the role of women, too. In poor families, women went to work. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">In the wealthier families the wives stayed at home while their husbands went to work. If a husband's wife stayed at home, it was a sign of success. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The mills there spun thread and wove cloth. Section 2: Americans Move Westward __** __<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Key Vocab __<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">: Summary : Transportation became so awful that improvements were desperately needed. First, the roads were improved and replaced with turnpikes and corduroy roads. Travel by water was still an issue so John Fitch and Robert Fulton created the boat powered by a steam engine. Finally, canals became an instant success and helped western farmers help get their products directly to the east. <span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> __<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Key People __<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">: Summary : There were many agreements and disagreements, unity and division in the “era of good feelings”. Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun were three sectional leaders opened up new ideas and strategies. In this time, a protective tariff was created. This was helped merchants greatly, but it angered southerners. Sectionalism brought up many other disagreements. The Supreme Court expanded their federal power in court cases. <span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Clay was all in for advancing the financial growth of all sections. With this thought he created the American System. His system said that we should put high tariffs on all imports. He believed that if we put on these high tariffs, we will have enough money for Northerners to buy crops from the South and West and we could use all of the other money to help build and support a better transportation system. <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">All of this sounded great even though Clay’s plan never truly departed. Congress did use some of the money to help our transportation system and all was well. Then some Southerners started to dislike this plan for they already had nice rivers and such so they did not want to pay the money to help the system for they got no gain.
 * __ Section 1: The Industrial Revolution __**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Industrial Revolution **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– gradual process by which machines replaced hand tools;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">spinning jenny **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– machine developed in 1764 that could spin multiple threads at once;
 * capital**- money;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">capitalists **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– person who invests in a business to make a profit;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">factory system **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- method of producing goods that brought workers and machinery together in one place;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">interchangeable parts **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– identical machine made parts for a tool or an instrument;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Lowell **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> **girls**– young women who worked in Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">urbanization **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- movement of the population from farms to cities;
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q4: What was the factory system? What was required to create factories? __**  <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">A factory system is a work ethic that centered on daily and weekly pay. Each worker would receive their pay once they had done so many hours of work per day or week. To start they needed an investor or capitalist with the money to get it started or the capital. Then the Capitalists would hire people to come and work. Many things were needed to start a factory but once it was finished, they could be very profitable!
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q5: Describe daily life in factories of the early 1800s. __**<span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> The mill owners would usually hire women and children because they could pay them half as much as they paid the men.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Child Labor: __**
 * __<span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Long Hours __**
 * __<span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Changes in Home Life __**
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q6: What made Lowell, Massachusetts a model factory town? __**<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">It was a very nice town with small wooden houses, painted white, with green blinds and nicely carpeted. It held more than 10,000 people.
 * __
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">flatboat **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– a boat with a flat bottom used for transporting heavy loads on inland waterways;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">turnpike **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– road built by a private company that charges a toll to use it;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Lancaster **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> **Turnpike**- best road in the US in the 1800s;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">corduroy **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> **roads**– a roads made out of logs;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">National **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> **Road**– first federally funded national road project began 1811;
 * //<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Clermont //**<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– steamboat built in 1807 by Robert Fulton;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Erie **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> **Canal**– artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q1: How did the Americans improve their roads in the 1800s? What was a result of the improvements? __** <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The Americans made tolls that people had to pay to get through, this was called turnpike. The Americans then used this money to make better roads. The settlers traveled more often, because the ride was smoother.
 * __<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(126,5,129); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q2: How did water transportation change, in the nation and in the world? What were the effects of these changes? __** <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0,102,0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The Americans started using a boat called flatboats, but it was too hard to paddle upstream. So a man named Fulton created a steamboat. This boat was powered by a stem engine. This affected the way that the goods were moved around the world.
 * __ Section 3 Summary: Unity and Division __**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Era of Good Feelings **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- time of James Monroe’s presidency;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">sectionalism **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– loyalty to a state or region rather than to the whole country;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">American System **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">internal improvements **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– improvement to roads, bridges, and canals;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">McCulloch vs. Maryland - an 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders; **
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Gibbons vs. Ogden **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- an 1814 case in which the Supreme Court upheld the power of the federal government to regulate commerce;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">interstate commerce **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– Business that crosses state lines
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q7: How did Congress protect American manufacturers after the war of 1812? Did this effect benefit the entire nation? __**  <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">After the war, British manufacturers had a plan to run Americans out of business. They did this buy selling the same goods in America for a lower price. This was really hurting the Americans so they went to Congress to put a high tariff on all goods imported from Europe. Congress then responded by passing the tariff of 1816. With higher tariffs this really helped them out though Southerners became angry for it did not benefit them. Southerners built very little factories and bought many British goods so only the Northerners got a wealthy gain.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q8: Who was Henry Clay and what was his American system? What was an unintended result of Clay’s American system? __** <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0);">Henry Clay was the spokesman for the West. He was also one who urged war against Britain during the year of 1812.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q9: What was the era of good feelings? What effect did sectionalism have on the era of good feelings? __**  <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The Era of Good Feelings was when the people of the United States had a better feeling about their lives, the economy and other things going on in the current time. Sectionalism is when you feel attached to your state of area, instead of the country as a whole, so I think some people were just perfectly happy at home, and they didn't want to move or leave. So if the government told them to move then they would have been upsetting the Era of Good Feelings.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q12: Explain the Supreme Court decision in //McCullough vs. Maryland//? __**<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> <span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">The Court declared that a state could not mess with federal business inside its border. This enabled the Bank of the U.S.A. to continue causing the economy to strengthen and grow. The decision also strengthened the federal government.

__<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Key Vocab __<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">: Summary : By 1810, stirred feelings were becoming known in a revolution in Latin America. New independent Nations sprung up, away from Spanish rule. America acquired Florida from Spain, also. The US then issued the Monroe Doctrine warning European countries to not attempt to regain control of the new, independent regions of Latin America. <span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">
 * __ Section 4 Summary: New Nations in the Americas __**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">creole **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- person born in Spain’s American colonies to Spanish parents;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Republic ****<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> of Great Columbia – independent State composed of the present day nations of Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, & Panama; **
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">United Provinces of Central America **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- federation established in 1823 containing the present day nations of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Negro Fort **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– settlement of fugitive African American slaves in the Spanish colony of Florida;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Adams-Onis Treaty **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">- treaty that stated Florida was now an independent state of the US;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Monroe ****<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> Doctrine **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– Pres. Monroe’s foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America;
 * <span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">intervention **<span style="color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">– direct involvement.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q10: How did the US gain Florida from Spain? __**<span style="color: rgb(0,102,0); line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> We made a treaty with then saying that we would give $5 million for Florida.
 * __<span style="color: rgb(126,5,129); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';">Q11: What led to the Monroe Doctrine? What is the Monroe Doctrine? __**  <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Monroe Doctrine is European countries fighting against rebelling countries in Latin America. The Monroe Doctrine says that the U.S. will not interfere with European problems or existing European colonies. It also stated that the U.S. will disagree with an attempt to colonize in Americas.

Chapter 12: Jacksonian Democracy
View the PowerPoint to learn about the changes in the United States during [|Andrew_Jackson_PPt.ppt].

How were the California territory and the Southwest territory similar and different?
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